Nanda Kishor, M S (2012) Involuntary Urban Displacement and Vulnerability Risks-Voices of the Displaced. In: Displacement and Rehabilitation : solutions for the future. Gyan Publishing House, Bhopal, pp. 363-379. ISBN 9788121211614

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Abstract

In the context of economic liberalisation and a rapid increase in international productive integration, India is widely being criticised for her lack of inclusive development. For example, the impressive development of the service sector has strongly in a selected number of urban centres, causing not only a rural to urban divide, but also a growing schism between the modern and the traditional sectors. Consequently, underlying social and economic inequalities are exacerbating as the rural, uneducated, and the socially marginalised population is excluded from new development opportunities. Over the next 20 to 30 years, dramatic population increases are forecasted to take place in the world's urban areas in general, and in the mega-cities of the Third World, in particular. Economic growth will be accompanied by a declining share of agriculture, in the total output and employment, and by acceleration in the rate of urbanisation. A considerable increase will occur in the number of metropolitan conglomerates, with over four million people each. Mega-city formation will be more massive and rapid in the developing countries than in the developed ones, thus to increase the population glut in many Third World cities. Although ongoing rural development policies and programmes attempt to stem the flow of rural migrants to cities, this flow continues.

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