Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3 Supplementation Alters Glucose Disposal, Insulin Signaling, and Glucose Transporter-4 Membrane Translocation in Insulin-Resistant Mice1–3

Feng, Dong and Reddy, Machender Kandadi and Ren, Jun and Nair, Sreejayan (2008) Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3 Supplementation Alters Glucose Disposal, Insulin Signaling, and Glucose Transporter-4 Membrane Translocation in Insulin-Resistant Mice1–3. The Journal of Nutrition, 138 (10). pp. 1846-1851. ISSN 0022-3166

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Abstract

Chromium has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement for diabetic and insulin-resistant subjects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of a novel chromium complex of D-phenylalanine [Cr(D-phe)3] in insulin-resistant, sucrose-fed mice. Whole-body insulin resistance was generated in FVB mice by 9 wk of sucrose feeding, following which they were randomly assigned to be unsupplemented (S group) or to receive oral Cr(D-phe)3 in drinking water (SCr group) at a dose of 45 mg�kg21�d21 (;3.8 mg of elemental chromium�kg21�d21). A control group (C) did not consume sucrose and was not supplemented. Sucrose-fed mice had an elevated serum insulin concentration compared with controls and this was significantly lower in sucrose-fed mice that received Cr(D-phe)3, which did not differ from controls. Impaired glucose tolerance in sucrose-fed mice, evidenced by the poor glucose disposal rate following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, was significantly improved in mice receiving Cr(D-phe)3. Chromium supplementation significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and membrane-associated glucose transporter-4 in skeletal muscles of sucrose-fed mice. In cultured adipocytes rendered insulin resistant by chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucose and insulin, Cr(D-phe)3 augmented Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with Cr(D-phe)3mayhave potential beneficial effects in insulin-resistant, prediabetic conditions.

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